聰加語

聰加語(聰加語:Xitsonga/英語:Tsonga)屬尼日-剛果語系大西洋-剛果語族。聰加語是南非和辛巴威官方語言之一。在莫三比克、史瓦濟蘭、辛巴威也有相當數量的使用者。

基本介紹

  • 中文名:聰加語
  • 外文名:Tsonga
語法,時態,數詞,日常用語,

語法

時態

聰加語的時態基本上包括現在時、現在進行時、過去時和將來時等;
現在時態是由人稱代詞和動詞一起構成的。
現在時例句:
Ndzi lava mali – I want money.
Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.
Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?
U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.
而現在進行時,一般來說,指示在目前的一個人正在進行的狀態。
現在進行時例句:
dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.
Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.
Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.
Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.
Wa hemba – S/He is lying.
而過去時依照所參照的詞有3種不同的形式:
在過去時中,第一種情況,如果謂語動詞結尾有-a,那么在句中,這個詞的字母a要去掉,並且接上-ile這個後綴,如:
Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.
Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
U hembile – You lied.
U hembile – S/He lied.
Va hembile – They lied.
過去時中,第二種情況,如果謂語動詞結尾有-ala,在句中,這個詞的去掉-ala,改加--ele或 -ale.,如
ku rivala – to forget
Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot
Ku nyamalala – To disappear
U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared
Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.
Ku karhala – To be tired.
Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.
第三種情況,把動詞的-a改為-e即可,如:
Ku fika – To arrive
U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday.
Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday.
Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house.
在將來時中,主語與謂語間加--ta即可,如:
Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house.
Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We will work all day.
Va ta tirha siku hinkwaro – They will work all day.
Mi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – You(pl.) will work all day.

數詞

聰加語英語
N'we
one
Mbirhi
two
Nharhu
three
Mune
four
Ntlhanu
five
Tsevu
six
Nkombo
seven
Nhungu
eight
Kaye
nine
Khume
ten
Khume (na) n'we / Khumen'we
eleven
Khume (na) mbirhi / Khumembirhi
twelve
Khume (na) nharhu / Khumenharhu
thirteen
Makhume mambirhi / Makumembirhi
twenty
Makhume manharhu / Makumenharhu
thirty
Mune wa makhume / Makumemune
forty
Ntlhanu wa makhume / Makumentlhanu
fifty
Dzana
hundred
Gidi
thousand

日常用語

PhraseXitsonga (Tsonga)
Hello (General greeting)
Xewani
Avuxeni (sg)
Ahee (reply)
Hello(on phone)
Kunjhani? (sg)
Minjhani? (pl/frm)
Reply to 'How are you?'
Ni kona
Ndzi kona
Ndzi kona ndza nkhensa
Hi wena mani vito?
Hi wena mani vito ra wena? (frm))
U wa ka mani xivongo? (What is your surname?)
My name is ...
Hi mina ...
Vito ra mina i...
Where are you from?
U huma kwihi? (sg)
Mi huma kwihi? (pl)
I'm from ...
Ndzi huma e ...
Pleased to meet you
Ni tsakele ku ku tiva (sg)
Ni tsakele ku mi tiva (pl/frm)
Good morning
(Morning greeting)
Avuxeni
Good afternoon
(Afternoon greeting)
Inhlikanhi (sg)
Indzengha
Good evening
(Evening greeting)
Riperile (sg)
Imadyambu
U etlela kahle (sg -sleep well)
Mi etlela kahle (pl)
Goodbye
(Parting phrases)
Sala kahle (sg -to person staying)
Salani kahle (pl/frm -to person staying)
Famba kahle (sg -to person leaving)
Fambani kahle (pl/frm -to person leaving)
Good luck!
Ndzi ku navelela mikateko
Cheers! Good Health!
(Toasts used when drinking)
U va ni siku lerinene (sg)
Mi va ni siku lerinene (pl)
Bon appetit /
Have a nice meal
Bon voyage /
Have a good journey
Famba hi ku rhula!
I understand
Na swi twisisa
I don't understand
A ni swi twisisi
Ina
E-e
A ndzi tivi
Please speak more slowly
Vulavula hi ku nonoka u nga hatlisi
Please say that again
Ni kombela u vula sweswo nakambe
Please write it down
Swi tsale ehansi
Do you speak English?
Xana wa xitiva Xinghezi ke?
Do you speakTsonga?
Xana wa xitiva Xitsonga ke?
Yes, a little
(reply to 'Do you speak ...?')
Speak to me inTsonga
How do you say ... inTsonga?
Hi Xitsonga u ri yini loko u ku ...?
Ndzi khomeleni
How much is this?
Xana i malimuni?
Xi durha malimuni?
Ndzi kombela ku khomeriwa
Ndza kombela
Ndza nkhensa
Ndzi khense ngopfu
Inkomu swinene
Reply to thank you
U amukelekile (sg)
Mi amukelekile (pl/frm)
Where's the toilet?
Xana xi kumeka kwihi xihambukelo?
This gentleman will pay for everything
This lady will pay for everything
Would you like to dance with me?
Ndza ku rhandza
Go away!
Leave me alone!
Ndzi pfuneni!
Fire!
Call the police!
Vitanani maphorisa!
Christmas and New Year greetings
A ku vi Khisimusi lerinene naswona a ku vi lembe lerintshwa lerinene
Easter greetings
Birthday greetings
Ndzi tlangela siku ro velekiwa
One language is never enough
My hovercraft is full of eels
Why this phrase?

相關詞條

熱門詞條

聯絡我們